In vitro toxicity of latex, its terpenoidal fractions and isolated phorbol esters from Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns on monocytic and melanoma cells.

In Brazil, latex from Euphorbia umbellata (African milk tree) has been increasingly used in folk medicine to treat several types of cancer, including melanoma. The effect of lyophilized latex (LL), its hydroethanolic extract (E80), triterpene (F-TRI)- and diterpene (F-DIT)-enriched fractions, along with six isolated phorbol esters from LL and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on J774A.1, THP-1, SK-MEL-28, and B16-F10 cell line viability were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The compounds were identified by 2D-NMR and HRESIMS. The effect of the LL, extract and fractions on cell viability was also assessed through a resazurin reduction assay. At 100 µg/ml, LL, and its fractions moderately inhibited J774A.1 (37.5-59.5%) and THP-1 (12.6-43.6%) metabolism. LL (IC50 70 µg/ml) and F-TRI (IC50 68 µg/ml) were barely more effective against B16-F10 cells, and only F-TRI exerted an inhibitory effect on SK-MEL-28 cells (IC50 66-75 µg/ml). The samples did not effectively inhibit THP-1 growth (IC50 69-87 µg/ml, assessed by MTT). B16-F10 was susceptible to PMA (IC50 53 µM) and two 12-phenylacetate esters (IC50 56-60 µM), while SK-MEL-28 growth was inhibited (IC50 58 µM) by one of these kinds of esters with an additional 4ß-deoxy structure. Synagrantol A (IC50 39 µM) was as effective as PMA (IC50 47 µM) in inhibiting J774A.1 growth in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, an in silico study with target receptors indicated a high interaction of the compounds with the PKC proteins. These results provide useful knowledge on the effect of tigliane-type diterpenes on tumor cell from the perspective of medicinal chemistry.

Desafios enfrentados por enfermeiros da classificação de risco em urgência e emergência / Challenges faced by risk classification nurses in urgency and emergency / Desafíos enfrentados por enfermeros clasificadores de riesgo en urgencia y emergencia

Objetivo: analisar os desafios enfrentados por enfermeiros da classificação de risco de um serviço de urgência e emergência. Método: pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu em março de 2019, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e individuais com enfermeiros atuantes em Unidade de Pronto Atendimento do município de Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brasil. Para a análise, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: foram geradas três categorias: assistência de enfermagem na classificação de risco; desafios do setor de classificação de risco; e desafios da ferramenta que define a classificação de risco. As participantes apontaram questões como falta de compreensão da população, protocolo defasado e discordância com outros membros da equipe como os principais desafios. Conclusão: verificou-se que a atuação da enfermagem na classificação de risco é um processo ainda complexo, que não depende estritamente de protocolos, mas de profissionais motivados, treinados continuamente e em sintonia.

Objective: to analyze the challenges faced by nurses in the risk classification of an urgency and emergency service. Method: exploratory and descriptive research, with a qualitative approach. Data collection took place in March 2019, through semi-structured and individual interviews with nurses working in an Emergency Care Unit in the city of Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil. For the analysis, Bardin's content analysis was used. Results: three categories were generated: nursing care in risk classification; challenges of the risk classification industry, and challenges of the tool that defines the risk classification. Participants pointed out issues such as lack of understanding of the population, outdated protocol and disagreement with other team members, as the main challenges. Conclusion: it was found that the role of nursing in risk classification is still a complex process, which does not strictly depend on protocols, but on motivated professionals, continuously trained and in tune.

Diets Supplemented with Probiotics Improve the Performance of Broilers Exposed to Heat Stress from 15 Days of Age.

The poultry sector demands alternative additives to antibiotics that can be used as performance enhancers. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the probiotics effects on performance, intestinal health, and redox status of 720 broilers exposed to heat stress from 15 days of age. Eight dietary treatments were evaluated: basal diet (BD) without antibiotic and probiotic (T1); BD supplemented with antibiotic zinc bacitracin (T2), BD supplemented with commercial probiotic of Bacillus subtilis DSM 17,299 (T3), BD supplemented with non-commercial probiotic of Lactococcus lactis NCDO 2118, Lactobacillus delbrueckii CNRZ 327, Escherichia coli CEC15, or Saccharomyces boulardii (T4 to T7), and BD simultaneously supplemented with the four non-commercial probiotics (T8). Feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion were determined in the period from 1 to 42 days of age. Carcass and cuts yield, abdominal fat deposition, cloacal temperature, weight and length of intestine, activity of myeloperoxidase and eosinophilic peroxidase enzymes in the jejunum, jejunal histomorphometry, relative gene expression in the jejunum (occludin, zonulin, interleukin-8, cholecystokinin, ghrelin, and heat shock protein-70), and liver (heat shock protein-70), in addition to malondialdehyde level and superoxide dismutase activity in the intestine, liver, and blood, were measured in broilers at 42 days old. As main results, broilers fed T1 diet exhibited lower weight gain (3.222 kg) and worse feed conversion (1.70 kg/kg). However, diets containing non-commercial probiotics resulted in up to 3.584 kg of weight gain and improved feed conversion by up to 10%, similar to that observed for broilers of the T2 and T3 groups.

Consequências da sífilis gestacional na saúde pública: uma revisão integrativa / Public health consequences of gestational syphilis: an integrative review

A sífilis é uma infecção causada pelo Treponema pallidum, podendo ser transmitida sexualmente, de forma congênita, por meio de transfusões sanguíneas ou por meio de transplantes de órgãos. Objetivo: O presente estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre as consequências da sífilis gestacional na saúde pública, enfatizando diagnóstico, tratamento e desfechos para a mãe e o bebê. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica, com seleção dos estudos nas bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed (National Center Biotechnology Information) e SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), por meio do emprego dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): sífilis gestacional, sífilis congênita e complicações infecciosas na gravidez, nos idiomas português e inglês, combinados por operador booleano "AND" entre os termos, no período de 2018 a 2022. Resultados e Discussão: Foram incluídos 21 artigos científicos nesse trabalho. O conhecimento restrito das gestantes sobre a sífilis, a reinfecção pelo parceiro sexual não tratado e a dificuldade dos profissionais de saúde em diagnosticar e estabelecer o protocolo de tratamento são apontados como o cerne do problema. Ficou evidente a deficiência do pré-natal, do diagnóstico e do tratamento. Conclusão: As fragilidades do sistema de saúde nesse cenário são nítidas, visto que o número de casos de sífilis congênita, gestacional e adquirida vem aumentando no Brasil, demandando maior atenção por parte das políticas públicas de saúde, para assim melhorar a qualidade do pré-natal e evitar os recorrentes desfechos negativos para a mãe e o bebê

Syphilis is an infection caused by Treponema pallidum, being transmitted sexually, congenitally, through blood transfusions or through organ transplants. Objective: This study aimed to perform an integrative literature review on the impact of syphilis in pregnant women on public health, emphasizing the main methods of diagnosis, treatment and outcomes for mother and baby. Method: This is an integrative review, with selection of studies in the databases: Virtual Health Library (BVS), PubMed (National Center Biotechnology Information) and SciELO, through the descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS): gestational syphilis, congenital syphilis and infectious complications in pregnancy in portuguese and english languages, combined by Boolean "AND" operators between the terms, from 2018 to 2022. Results and Discussion: Twenty-one scientific articles were included in this work. The restricted knowledge of pregnant women about the disease, reinfection by an untreated sexual partner and the lack of knowledge of health professionals when diagnosing and establishing the treatment protocol are seen as the core problem. The deficiency of prenatal care, diagnosis and treatment was evident. Conclusion: The weaknesses of the health system in this scenario are clear, since the number of cases of congenital, gestational and acquired syphilis has been increasing in Brazil, demanding greater attention from public health policies, in order to improve the quality of prenatal care and avoid recurrent negative outcomes for mother and baby

Políticas desenvolvimentistas e mulheres quebradeiras de coco babaçu: capturas contemporâneas / Developmentalist policies and babassu coconut-breaking women: contemporary catches / Políticas desarrollistas y las mujeres que rompen coco babaçu: capturas contemporáneas

Este estudo propõe analisar as relações e os processos de subjetivação de mulheres quebradeiras de coco babaçu decorrentes das intervenções de políticas desenvolvimentistas em seus territórios de vida e reverberações no Movimento Interestadual de Quebradeiras de Coco Babaçu (MIQCB). Sob a perspectiva ético-estético-política da Cartografia, acompanhamos as narrativas das histórias de vida de 24 mulheres, suas atividades cotidianas e eventos do MIQCB, também analisamos os documentos das políticas. Entendemos que, ao passo que tais políticas de desenvolvimento rural contribuem para a melhoria das condições de vida, em termos materiais e simbólicos, elas também produzem ressonâncias relacionadas ao modo de subjetivação do tipo "empresário de si", que agenciam seus modos de viver, de produzir e de se relacionar consigo e com os outros na lógica capitalista neoliberal. A resistência às capturas neoliberais também estão presentes ao ampliarem as mobilizações coletivas do próprio movimento, articulando com outros na produção de um "comum".(AU)

This study proposes to analyze the relations and the processes of subjectivation of babassu coconut-breaker women arising from developmental policy interventions in their territories of life and reverberations in the Babassu Coconut-breaker Interstate Movement (MIQCB). From the ethical-aesthetic-political perspective of Cartography, we followed the narratives of the life stories of 24 women, their daily activities and promoted events by MIQCB, we also analyzed the policy documents. We understand that while these policies of rural development contribute to improve the living conditions, in material and symbolic terms, they also produce resonances related to the "self-entrepreneur" mode of subjectivation, which has been handling their ways of living, producing, and relating to themselves and others in the neoliberal capitalist logic. Resistance to neoliberal captures is also present as they expand the collective mobilizations of the movement itself, articulating with others, in the production of a "common."(AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los procesos de subjetivación de las mujeres que rompen coco babaçu que surgen de las intervenciones de las políticas de desarrollo en sus territorios de vida y las reverberaciones en el Movimiento Interestadual de las Mujeres que Rompen Coco Babaçu (MIQCB). Desde la perspectiva ético-estético-política de la Cartografía, seguimos las narraciones de las historias de vida de 24 mujeres, sus actividades diarias y eventos del MIQCB, y también analizamos los documentos de las políticas. Si bien estas políticas han contribuido a mejorar las condiciones de vida de las mujeres, en términos materiales y simbólicos, también han producido resonancias del modo de subjetivación "autoempresarial", que ha agenciado sus formas de vivir, producir y relacionarse consigo mismas y con los demás en la lógica capitalista neoliberal. La resistencia a las capturas neoliberales también está presente cuando amplían las movilizaciones colectivas del propio movimiento, articulándose con otros en la producción de un "común".(AU)

Stress and associated factors in public school teachers: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The search for improving productivity and performance at work has exposed workers to high levels of stress. Since the working conditions of basic education teachers interfere negatively with their health, it is important to study the entire context involving teachers, in order to encourage the promotion of workers' health actions. Objectives: To investigate stress levels and associated factors in public school teachers. Methods: The study was conducted through online questionnaires sent to public school teachers in the state of Piauí, in 2020, using the snowball method. Sociodemographic and economic characteristics and risk habits (smoking, alcoholism, and sedentary lifestyle) of the study sample were investigated, as well as clinical, anthropometric, and stress-related conditions. Results: A total of 126 teachers participated in the study, most of which were women (88.9%), had a family income from three to four minimum salaries (30.2%), and worked two shift or more (55.6%); furthermore, 10.3% reported having hypertension; 8.7%, musculoskeletal diseases; 3.2%, thyroid-related problems; and 2.4%, diabetes. A statistically significant difference in median stress levels was observed in women (p = 0.002) and in individuals with thyroid problems (p = 0.015). Conclusions: Teachers, especially women working in this job, suffer from expressive levels of stress, which can directly affect their quality of life, requiring the development of measures to prevent stress, in order to improve the health and the performance of these professionals.

Introdução: A busca por mais produtividade e desempenho no trabalho tem submetido trabalhadores a altos níveis de estresse. As condições de trabalho do professor de educação básica interferem de forma negativa sobre a sua saúde; assim, é importante que todo o contexto que envolve o professor seja estudado a fim de incentivar a promoção de ações de saúde do trabalhador. Objetivos: Verificar os níveis de estresse e fatores associados em professores de escolas públicas. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado através de questionários on-line enviados para professores de escolas públicas do Piauí, no ano de 2020, utilizando-se o método bola de neve. Foram investigadas as características sociodemográficas e econômicas, os hábitos de risco (tabagismo, alcoolismo e sedentarismo) e as condições clínicas, antropométricas e de estresse da amostra estudada. Resultados: Participaram deste estudo 126 professores, dos quais 88,9% eram mulheres, com renda familiar entre três e quatro salários-mínimos (30,2%), que trabalham em dois turnos ou mais (55,6%); 10,3% afirmaram possuir hipertensão, 8,7% disseram sofrer de doenças osteomusculares, 3,2% relataram problemas relacionados à tireoide e 2,4% são diabéticos. Foi encontrada uma diferença de medianas estatisticamente significante entre os níveis de estresse e o sexo feminino (p = 0,002) e problemas de tireoide (p = 0,015). Conclusões: Os professores, especialmente as mulheres, sofrem de níveis de estresse expressivos, o que pode afetar diretamente a qualidade de vida, sendo necessário que medidas preventivas de estresse sejam criadas a fim de melhorar a saúde e o rendimento desses profissionais.

Associação entre comprometimento pulmonar, fatores de risco e desfechos em pacientes com covid-19 atendidos em hospital de referência na Paraíba / Association between lung involvement, risk factors and outcomes in COVID-19 patients treated at a reference hospital in Paraíba

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o grau de comprometimento pulmonar (CP) na TC de tórax dos pacientes com COVID-19 com fatores de risco e desfechos. Métodos: Estudo observacional e retrospectivo com 284 pacientes com COVID-19. Avaliou-se idade, sexo, quadro clínico, saturação na admissão, fatores de risco, tempo de sinto-mas, porcentagem de CP, tempo de internação em enfermaria, UTI e de IOT, e óbito. Foram divididos três grupos conforme o grau de CP. Resultados: 167 pacientes possuíam comprometimento <25%; 80, 25-50%; e 37, >50%. O grupo com maior comprometimento pulmonar possuía maior idade, mais homens e maior presença de tosse, dispneia e alguma comorbidade. Também apresentou menor saturação à admissão, maior necessidade de IOT, in-ternação em enfermaria ou UTI e maior mortalidade. O CP, IOT e idade foram fatores preditores de mortalidade.Conclusões: O grau de CP aparenta estar significativamente associado a alguns parâmetros clínicos, necessidade de internação, intubação e óbito (AU)

Objective: To assess the association between the degree of lung involvement (LI) on chest CT scans of COVID-19 patients, risk factors and outcomes. Methods: Observational and retrospective study of 284 COVID-19 patients. Age, sex, clinical presentation, oxygen saturation on admission, risk factors, time after symptom onset, percentage of LI, length of stay in ward and ICU, duration of ETI, and death were assessed. 3 groups were created according to the LI. Results: 167 patients had an involvement of <25%; 80, 25-50%; and 37, >50%. The group with gre-ater LI was older, had more males and a higher incidence of cough, dyspnea and some comorbidity. Moreover, the group with greater LI had lower saturation on admission, more ETI, more admissions to the ward or ICU, and higher mortality. LI, ETI and age were predictors of mortality. Conclusion: The degree of LI appears to be significantly associated with some clinical parameters, need for hospitalization, intubation, and death (AU)

O uso da voz nos rituais indígenas Pankararu / The use of voice in Pankararu indigenous rituals / El uso de la voz en los rituales indígenas Pankararu

Introdução: a voz é essencial para preservação e manutenção da cultura de grupos sociais. O povo Pankararu, vincula sua língua-mãe aos rituais religiosos. A principal forma de transmitir a tradição oral é através dos cantos nos rituais dos Praiás. Objetivo: resgatar o uso de voz pelos cantadores Pankararu no ritual dos Praiás, à luz do saber tradicional e científico. Método: estudo qualitativo, do tipo história de vida, autobiográfica, no qual foram acessadas memórias individuais e coletivas da comunidade Pankararu, considerando a caracterização do povo, do ambiente e o uso de voz nos rituais. Resultados: os cantadores utilizam a voz de maneira intensa e contínua, sem hidratação, e fumam cachimbo durante o ritual. O local onde cantam é um terreiro, espaço aberto, exposto às intempéries da natureza, com presença de poeira. Para cuidar da voz, baseiam-se no saber tradicional, apresentando uma visão distinta do conhecimento científico, no qual a voz representa sua cultura e identidade. Nesta perspectiva, hábitos descritos pela literatura como deletérios, são considerados saudáveis, demonstrando uma concepção singular de saúde. Conclusão: o conhecimento científico, paralelamente ao tradicional, poderá contribuir para estabelecimento de cuidados que visem à saúde vocal dos Pankararus.  Poderei oferecer ao meu povo, o qual apresenta demandas de saúde, conhecimentos científicos proporcionando uma melhor qualidade de voz e vida.

Introduction: The voice is essential for the preservation and maintenance of the culture of social groups. The Pankararu people link their mother language to religious rituals. The main way of transmitting the oral tradition is through singing in the rituals of Praiás. Objective: To rescue the use of voice by Pankararu singers in the Praiás ritual, considering the traditional and scientific knowledges. Method: Qualitative study, history life, autobiography design, which individual and collective memories of the Pankararu community were accessed, considering the characterization of the people, environment, and voice use in the rituals. Results: The singers use their voices intensely and continuously, without hydration, and smoking pipes during the ritual. The "terreiro" is the place where they sing, an open space, exposed to wuthering and dust. They are based on traditional knowledge for taking care of their voices, in a different view of scientific knowledge, in which voice represents their culture and identity. In this perspective, habits described in the literature as harmful are considered healthy, demonstrating a unique conception of health. Conclusion: Scientific knowledge, in parallel with the traditional one, can contribute to establish care aimed at the vocal health of the Pankararus. I will be able to offer to my people, who have health demands, scientific knowledge providing a better quality of voice and life.

Introducción: la voz es fundamental para la preservación y mantenimiento de la cultura de los grupos sociales. La gente de Pankararu, vincula su lengua materna a los rituales religiosos. La principal forma de transmitir la tradición oral es a través del canto en los rituales de Praiás. Objetivo: rescatar el uso de la voz de los cantantes de Pankararu en el ritual Praiás, a la luz de los conocimientos tradicionales y científicos. Método: estudio cualitativo, del tipo de historia de vida; Se accedió a las memorias individuales y colectivas de la comunidad Pankararu, considerando la caracterización de las personas, el entorno y el uso de la voz en los rituales. Resultados: los cantantes utilizan sus voces de forma intensa y continua, sin hidratarse, pipas de humo durante el ritual. El lugar donde canta el terreiro, un espacio abierto, expuesto a la intemperie de la naturaleza, con presencia de polvo. Para cuidar la voz, se basan en los conocimientos tradicionales, presentan una visión diferente del conocimiento científico, donde la voz representa la cultura y la identidad. En esta perspectiva, los hábitos descritos en la literatura como nocivos, se consideran saludables, demostrando una concepción única de la salud. Conclusión: El conocimiento científico, además del conocimiento tradicional, puede contribuir al establecimiento de cuidados dirigidos a la salud vocal de los Pankararus. Podré ofrecer a mi gente, que tiene demandas de salud, conocimientos científicos que brinden una mejor calidad de vida.

Converging technologies: targeting the hallmarks of cancer using ultrasound and microbubbles.

Various complex biological effects occur when ultrasonic compression waves travel through biological material. The myriad of biological outcomes instigated by ultrasound are evident when viewed through the lens of the hallmarks of cancer. Herein, we summarise the therapeutic potential of ultrasound, enhanced by microbubbles, for the treatment of cancer.

Phorbol Esters from the Latex of Euphorbia umbellata: Bioguided Isolation of Highly Potent HIV-1 Latency Interrupters in Virus Reservoir Cells.

Three known compounds, 20-deoxyphorbol-5ß-hydroxy-12-tiglate-13-isobutyrate (1), 20-deoxyphorbol-5ß-hydroxy-12-tiglate-13-phenylacetate (2), and 4-deoxy-4ß-phorbol-12-tiglate-13-phenylacetate (3), were reisolated from the latex of Euphorbia umbellata through a bioguided fractionation process to target HIV-1 latency reactivation. The in vitro bioassay using infected T-cell lymphoblasts (J-Lat 10.6), complemented with surface CD4 receptor downregulation assessment, led to isolation of the compounds as a highly active ternary mixture. Effective purification of the individual compounds was achieved by first subjecting a phorbol-enriched fraction (previously prepared from crude latex) to MPLC, followed by semipreparative HPLC and characterization by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and (+)-HRESIMS. Compared with a positive control, the isolated compounds were effective in reactivating 68-75% of the virus latency in the range of 9.7-0.097 µM for compound 1, 8.85-0.088 µM for compound 2, and 9.1-0.091 µM for compound 3, with the latter maintaining steady effectiveness down to a 10-5 dilution. Accordingly, compound 3 may serve as a promising lead compound for the development of anti-HIV drugs based on latency reactivation therapy.

Tecnologias em saúde no manejo da obesidade / Health technologies in the management of obesity / Tecnologías sanitarias en el manejo de la obesidad

Objetivo: identificar a produção científica sobre as tecnologias em saúde utilizadas e seus efeitos no controle da obesidade. Método: trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, descritivo, tipo revisão integrativa, a partir das buscas nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF entre 2015 e 2020. Procedeu-se à análise descritiva dos resultados a partir dos dados, com leitura reflexiva e criteriosa. Resultados: incluíram-se 21 artigos que descreviam as tecnologias em saúde voltadas para o manejo da obesidade. Utilizaram-se intervenções alimentares e farmacológicas com o auxílio da tecnologia móvel, dentre as quais destacaram-se o uso de mensagens de texto, ligações e aplicativos móveis. Quanto ao efeito do uso dessas tecnologias, houve maior adesão à prática da atividade física, à substituição de dietas calóricas e ao controle dos variados índices antropométricos, incluindo o peso de pacientes com sobrepeso e obesos. Conclusão: através do uso dessas tecnologias no manejo da obesidade, houve melhora no controle da doença, na relação social entre pacientes, além da disseminação de conhecimento entre os usuários.(AU)

Objective: to identify the scientific production on the health technologies used and their effects on the management of obesity. Method: it is a bibliographical, descriptive, integrative review type study, resulting from searches in the MEDLINE, LILACS and BDENF databases between 2015 and 2020. The descriptive analysis of the results was carried out based on the data, with a reflective and detailed reading. Results: 21 articles describing health technologies for the management of obesity were included. Dietary and pharmacological interventions were used with the support of mobile technology, among which the use of text messages, phone calls, and mobile applications were highlighted. As for the effect of the use of these technologies, there was a greater adherence to physical activity, to the replacement of caloric diets, and to the control of the various anthropometric indices, including the weight of overweight and obese patients. Conclusion: with the use of these technologies in the management of obesity, there was improvement in the control of the disease, in the social relationship among patients, and in the dissemination of knowledge among users.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar la producción científica sobre las tecnologías sanitarias utilizadas y sus efectos en el control de la obesidad. Método: se trata de un estudio bibliográfico, descriptivo, tipo revisión integradora, basado en búsquedas en las bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF entre 2015 y 2020. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los resultados de los datos, con lectura reflexiva y juiciosa. Resultados: se incluyeron 21 artículos que describían tecnologías sanitarias enfocadas al manejo de la obesidad. Se utilizaron intervenciones alimentarias y farmacológicas con ayuda de la tecnología móvil, entre las cuales se destacó el uso de mensajes de texto, llamadas y aplicaciones móviles. En cuanto al efecto del uso de estas tecnologías, hubo mayor adherencia a la práctica de actividad física, el reemplazo de dietas calóricas y el control de los diversos índices antropométricos, incluyendo el peso de los pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Conclusión: mediante el uso de estas tecnologías en el manejo de la obesidad, se logró una mejora en el control de la enfermedad, en la relación social entre pacientes, además de la difusión del conocimiento entre los usuarios.(AU)

Genetic variants in miRNAs differentially expressed during brain development and their relevance to psychiatric disorders susceptibility.

OBJECTIVES: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important regulatory role in the expression of genes involved in brain functions during development. Genetic variants in miRNA genes may impact their regulatory function and lead to psychiatric disorders. To evaluate the role of genetic variants in genes of miRNAs differentially expressed during neurodevelopment on autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: The miRNAs were identified in the literature. Summary statistics from the most recent genome-wide association studies to date were used to evaluate the association between the selected polymorphisms and each disorder in a look-up approach. In a global analysis, we compared the standardised risk effect of variants in neurodevelopment-related miRNAs with those in the remaining miRNAs from miRBase. RESULTS: The global analysis showed that variants in neurodevelopment-related miRNAs had higher risk effects compared to the other miRNAs for SCZ (p = 0.010) and ADHD (p = 0.001). MIR33B, MIR29B2, MIR29C, MIR137, and MIR135A1 were significantly associated with SCZ, while 55.9% of the miRNAs were at least nominally associated with one or more psychiatric disorders (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variants in neurodevelopment-related miRNAs play an important role in the genetic susceptibility of psychiatric disorders, mainly SCZ and ADHD.

Amino acid digestibility coefficient values of animal protein meals with dietary protease for broiler chickens.

A digestibility experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary exogenous monocomponent protease on the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and coefficient apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids in meat and bones meal (MBM), poultry byproducts meal (PBPM), and feather meal (FM). A total of 512 Cobb-500 male broiler chickens (aged 14 d) were randomly placed into 64 metabolism cages (8 birds per pen) and were allocated to eight treatments with eight replicates in a semi-controlled environmental room. The experimental diets consisted of the basal diet (corn/SBM) and the replacement of 300 g/kg on a weight basis with MBM, PBPM, or FM. The excreta were collected during 3 d (19 to 21 d), and the ileal digesta (using Celite as an indigestible marker) only 1 d (21 d). The protease contained 75,000 PROT units/g. The use of the enzyme increased (P < 0.05) ATTD for alanine, cysteine, glycine, and threonine in the basal diet and AID for the amino acids alanine, cysteine, glycine, lysine, threonine, and valine for the basal diet (vegetable). Regarding meals, there was an increase (P < 0.05) in the amino acid digestibility in large part due to the amino acids of MBM (14) and PBPM (9), with only five amino acids for FM. The amino acids glycine and threonine showed increases (P < 0.05) in both total and ileal digestibility for all animal meals and for the diet based on corn and soybean meal, which indicates a high specificity of the enzyme for these amino acids. The overall results obtained in this study found satisfactory effectiveness of this exogenous protease. The total collection method was lower by 1.83% of amino acids digestibility than the ileal method.

População em situação de rua: trabalho em equipe e intersetorial / Population in street situation: team work and intersectionality / Población en situación de calle: trabajo en equipo e intersectorial

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir o trabalho em equipe e intersetorial nas políticas sociais, na área da Saúde e Assistência Social, que assistem à População em Situação de Rua. A pesquisa empreendida é de natureza qualitativa. Para produção de dados, fez-se uso de entrevista semiestruturada, observação no cotidiano dos serviços e diário de campo. Participaram do estudo 15 profissionais integrantes das equipes dos serviços especializados na assistência à População em Situação de Rua, sendo cinco do Consultório na Rua e 10 do Centro Especializado para População em Situação de Rua. O perfil do público assistido, composto por necessidades complexas e que se estendem aos diversos núcleos profissionais e políticas setoriais, exige outras nuances ao fazer profissional: a imperatividade do trabalho em equipe e intersetorial. Embora imprescindível, tal perspectiva de trabalho colaborativo e em rede enfrenta desafios que comprometem a resolutividade e qualidade da assistência prestada.

This paper aims to discuss team and intersectoral work in social policies, in the field of Health and Social Care, that assist Population in Street Situation. The research carried out is of qualitative nature. For data production, we used a semi-structured interview script, observation of the services, and field diary. Participants were 15 professionals who are part of the teams of specialized services in care of Population in Street Situation, five of them were from the Street Clinic, and ten from the Centre for Population in Street Situation. The profile of the public attending these services, composed by complex needs, which are extended to several professional nuclei and sector politics, print other nuances to professional practice, such as the need for team and intersectoral work, which, although indispensable, face challenges that compromise the quality and resolution of the care provided.

Este artículo objetivó discutir el trabajo en equipo e intersectorial en las políticas sociales, en el área de la Salud y Asistencia Social, que asisten a la Población en Situación de Calle. Esta investigación tiene naturaleza cualitativa. Se utilizó entrevista semiestructurada, observación del cotidiano de los servicios y uso de diario de campo. Participaron del estudio 15 profesionales miembros de los equipos de los servicios especializados en asistencia a la Población en Situación de Calle, siendo cinco del Consultorio en la Calle y diez del Centro Especializado para la Población en Situación de Calle. El perfil del público asistido, compuesto de necesidades complejas y que se amplían a los diversos núcleos profesionales y políticas sectoriales, imprime otros matices al hacer profesional, como el imperativo del trabajo en equipo e intersectorial, que, aunque sean esenciales, enfrentan desafíos que comprometen la resolución y calidad de la asistencia proporcionada.

Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the benzoquinone oncocalyxone A.

Resistance to antimicrobials is a challenging issue that complicates the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and fungi, thus requiring new therapeutic options. Oncocalyxone A, a benzoquinone obtained from Auxemma oncocalyx (Allem) Taub has several biological effects; however, there is no data on its antimicrobial action. In this study, its antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities were evaluated against bacteria and fungi of clinical interest. Strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and filamentous fungi and yeasts were selected to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of oncocalyxone A. The antibacterial effect of oncocalyxone A was studied using survival curves, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the involvement of oxidative stress. We examined the inhibitory action of the molecule on biofilm formation and its hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. Our results showed that among the strains tested, Staphylococcus epidermidis was highly sensitive to the action of oncocalyxone A, with an MIC of 9.43 µg/mL. In most bacterial strains analyzed, a bacteriostatic effect was observed, though the molecule showed no antifungal activity. Antibiofilm activity was observed against the methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteria. Additionally, results from atomic force microscopy imaging showed that oncocalyxone A significantly altered bacterial morphology. Further, oncocalyxone A showed no hemolytic activity at concentrations ≥151 µg/mL. Together, our results demonstrate the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of oncocalyxone A, indicating its therapeutic potential against bacterial resistance.

Relações de gênero e étnico-raciais nos currículos de psicologia: aproximações e desafios / Gender and ethnical/racial relations in psychology curricula: approximations and challenge / Relaciones étnico-raciales y de género en los currículos de psicología: aproximaciones y desafíos

Resumo Objetiva-se com este estudo investigar como os currículos dos cursos de Psicologia têm abordado as temáticas relacionadas a gênero, raça e etnia, considerando que tais elementos atravessam a constituição dos sujeitos e suas relações sociais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental a partir da análise dos Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos (PPCs) de Psicologia no Brasil, disponíveis em domínio público. A amostra foi composta pelos PPCs que contivessem termos/expressões relacionados a estudos de gênero e étnico-raciais. Deste modo, a análise contou com 21 currículos, com o auxílio do software Iramuteq, a partir dos componentes textuais que incluíam as disciplinas, as ementas e as referências, produzindo, então, cinco perspectivas analíticas: Biológica, Psicologia Social, Estudos Antropológicos, Estudos Sociológicos e Estudos Interseccionais. Observamos a pluralidade de lentes teórico-epistemológicas nas quais se ancoram os estudos de gênero e étnico-raciais, situando-os em um espaço interdisciplinar, com maior prevalência para aqueles orientados pela Psicologia Social, pela Antropologia e pela Sociologia. O debate determinista sobre gênero, raça e etnia, com foco nas diferenças individuais, ainda presente, tem perdido espaço nos currículos. A perspectiva interseccional tem tido pouca expressão e está localizada em disciplinas optativas. Por fim, apontamos que há ainda grandes lacunas nos processos formativos no que tange a discussões sobre gênero e, particularmente, acerca das relações étnico-raciais, revelando um grande desafio para a Psicologia no cenário atual.

Abstract This study investigated how the curriculum of Psychology courses have approached topics related to gender, race and ethnicity, considering that such elements go through the constitution of subjects and their social relations. It is a documentary research based on the analysis of the Psychology Courses Pedagogical Projects (PPCs) in Brazil, available in the public domain. The sample consisted of PPCs that contained keywords related to gender and ethnic/racial studies. Thus, twenty-one curricula were analyzed with help of Iramuteq, using textual components including disciplines, syllabuses and references, rendering five analytical perspectives: Biology, Social Psychology, Anthropological Studies, Sociological Studies and Intersectional Studies. We observed the plurality of theoretical-epistemological perspectives that ground both gender and ethnic-racial studies, placing them in an interdisciplinary space with more emphasis on studies guided by Social Psychology, Anthropology and Sociology. The deterministic debate about gender, race and ethnicity, focused on individual differences, has been supplanted in the curricula, as well as the intersectional perspective, found in optional disciplines, which has not had much expression either. Lastly, we point out that there are still big gaps in formative processes regarding the discussions on gender and, particularly, about ethnic/racial relations, revealing a great challenge for Psychology in the current scenario.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar cómo los currículos de los cursos de Psicología han abordado las temáticas relacionadas a género, raza y etnia, considerando que estos elementos atraviesan la formación de los sujetos y sus relaciones sociales. Se trata de una investigación documental, basada en el análisis de los Proyectos Pedagógicos de Cursos de Psicología (PPC) en Brasil, disponibles en dominio público. La muestra fue compuesta por los PPC que contenían términos relacionados a los estudios de género y étnico-raciales. De este modo, se analizaron 21 currículos y se utilizó el software IRAMUTEQ, a partir de los componentes textuales relacionados a las disciplinas, a los temarios y a las referencias, produciendo cinco perspectivas analíticas: Biológica, Psicología Social, Estudios Antropológicos, Estudios Sociológicos y Estudios Interseccionales. Observamos la pluralidad de perspectivas teóricas y epistemológicas en los que se anclan los estudios de género y étnico-raciales, que los sitúan en un espacio interdisciplinario, con mayor prevalencia para aquellos orientados por la Psicología Social, Antropología y Sociología. El debate determinista sobre género, raza y etnia enfocándose en las diferencias individuales ha sido suplantado en los currículos, tampoco la perspectiva interseccional ha tenido mucha expresión, quedando marginada en disciplinas optativas. Por último, señalamos que todavía hay grandes brechas en los procesos formativos en lo que se refiere a las discusiones sobre género y, en particular, a las relaciones étnico-raciales, lo que revela un gran desafío para la Psicología en el escenario actual.

Synergic effect of simvastatin in combination with amphotericin B against environmental strains of Cryptococcus neoformans from northeastern Brazil: a prospective experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Statins are used as cholesterol-lowering drugs and may also have direct antimicrobial effects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate synergic interactions between simvastatin and both amphotericin B and fluconazole, against environmental strains of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from captive birds' droppings. DESIGNAND SETTING: Experimental study conducted at Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, in collaboration with Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil. METHODS: Statin susceptibility tests of Cryptococcus neoformans samples were performed as prescribed in standards. Interactions of simvastatin with amphotericin and fluconazole were evaluated using the checkerboard microdilution method. Presence of these interactions was quantitatively detected through determining the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). RESULTS: Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans were obtained from 30 of the 206 samples of dry bird excreta (14.5%) that were collected from pet shops and houses. Ten isolates were selected for susceptibility tests. All of them were susceptible to amphotericin and fluconazole. All presented minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 128 µg/ml and, thus, were resistant in vitro to simvastatin. An in vitro synergic effect was shown through combined testing of amphotericin B and simvastatin, such that six isolates (60%) presented FICI < 0.500. Two isolates showed considerable reductions in MIC, from 1 µg/ml to 0.250 µg/ml. No synergic effect was observed through combining fluconazole and simvastatin. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that simvastatin should be considered to be a therapeutic alternative, capable of potentiating the action of amphotericin B. However, further studies are necessary to clarify the real effect of simvastatin as an antifungal agent.

Synergic effect of simvastatin in combination with amphotericin B against environmental strains of Cryptococcus neoformans from northeastern Brazil: a prospective experimental study

BACKGROUND: Statins are used as cholesterol-lowering drugs and may also have direct antimicrobial effects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate synergic interactions between simvastatin and both amphotericin B and fluconazole, against environmental strains of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from captive birds' droppings. DESIGNAND SETTING: Experimental study conducted at Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, in collaboration with Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil. METHODS: Statin susceptibility tests of Cryptococcus neoformans samples were performed as prescribed in standards. Interactions of simvastatin with amphotericin and fluconazole were evaluated using the checkerboard microdilution method. Presence of these interactions was quantitatively detected through determining the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). RESULTS: Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans were obtained from 30 of the 206 samples of dry bird excreta (14.5%) that were collected from pet shops and houses. Ten isolates were selected for susceptibility tests. All of them were susceptible to amphotericin and fluconazole. All presented minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 128 µg/ml and, thus, were resistant in vitro to simvastatin. An in vitro synergic effect was shown through combined testing of amphotericin B and simvastatin, such that six isolates (60%) presented FICI < 0.500. Two isolates showed considerable reductions in MIC, from 1 µg/ml to 0.250 µg/ml. No synergic effect was observed through combining fluconazole and simvastatin. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that simvastatin should be considered to be a therapeutic alternative, capable of potentiating the action of amphotericin B. However, further studies are necessary to clarify the real effect of simvastatin as an antifungal agent.

Apparent total tract and ileal amino acids digestibility values of vegetal protein meals with dietary protease to broiler diet.

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of dietary exogenous monocomponent protease on the coefficient apparent total tract (ATTD) and apparent ileal (AID) digestibility of amino acids of corn, soybean meal (SBM), and full fat soybean meal (FFSM) in broilers. A total of 400 males Cobb-500 (14 d of age) were equally allocated in 80 metabolic cages (50 cm × 50 cm × 45 cm) in a completely randomized design and a semi-controlled environment. Eight treatments (basal diet with or without a protease and three ingredients replacing the basal diets in 40% to corn and 30% to SBM and FFSM, with and without protease), with 10 replicates each were evaluated. The protease was added at 200 mg/kg resulting in 15,000 unit of PROT/kg. The total collection of excreta was held during 3 d, after 5 d for adaptation of broilers at the diets. The ileal content was collected on d 21, after slaughter of birds. The enzyme increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD and AID of most amino acids contained in SBM and FFSM. The digestibility of cysteine, glycine, proline, and threonine had higher (P < 0.05) ATTD and AID in all tested ingredients with the use of protease. On average, the dietary protease increased in 5.19% and 3.86% the total and ileal digestibility of amino acids, respectively. It was concluded that the dietary protease exerts major effects on toasted full-fat soybean, followed by soybean meal and corn to broilers.

Violência contra a mulher no meio rural brasileiro: uma revisão integrativa / Violence against women in Brazilian rural areas: an integrative review

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o fenômeno da violência contra a mulher em contextos rurais no Brasil. Realizou-se busca na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Psicologia) que resultou em 66 artigos, dentre os quais foram selecionados 10 para o estudo. No geral, os artigos são recentes, de enfoque qualitativo, com uma diversidade de participantes, entre gestores, profissionais de saúde e mulheres. Os principais achados sugerem diferentes compreensões em torno da violência contra a mulher e características comuns dos contextos rurais como agravantes, como a dificuldade de acesso aos serviços. Como estratégias de enfrentamento, foram mencionadas: rede intersetorial e Estratégia Saúde da Família, grupos de mulheres, rede social de apoio e participação política. A carência de estudos demanda a necessidade de realização de novas pesquisas a fim de compreender melhor a dinâmica da violência em contextos rurais e implementar ações que assegurem o bem-estar e a dignidade das mulheres.

This study is a integrative literature review about the phenomenon of violence against women in rural areas in Brazil. We surveyed the data base of the Virtual Library in Health (Psychology), resulting in 66 articles, among which 10 were selected for the study. Overall, the articles are recent, qualitative, with a diversity of participants, among managers, health professionals and women. The main findings suggest different understandings about violence against women and common characteristics of rural contexts as aggravating factors, such as the difficulty of access to services. As coping strategies, the following were mentioned: intersectoral network and Family Health Strategy, women's groups, social support network and political participation. The lack of studies demands the need for new research to better understand the dynamics of violence in rural areas and to implement actions that ensure the well-being and dignity of women.